Cinema in Islam – Where Does Art End and Responsibility Begin?

Introduction: In the Light of the Screen, Under the Shadow of Islam

Cinema stands as one of the most potent mediums of modern times. A single image, scene, or word can influence millions, challenging beliefs or uplifting spirits. This immense power necessitates both appreciation and responsible use. How does Islam perceive cinema?

This article delves into Islam's perspective on cinema, drawing from the Qur'an, Hadith, scholarly opinions, ethical frameworks, historical experiences, and contemporary Muslim societal views.

1. Is Cinema an Art? Islam's Perspective on Art

Islam regards art as a means to inspire thought, promote beauty, and distinguish between truth and falsehood. The Qur'an itself touches the soul with its eloquent words. Like painting, poetry, and music, cinema is a form of art; however, its intention and purpose are paramount.

The Qur'an states (An-Nahl 16:125):

"Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction..."

This verse underscores the importance of conveying messages through beautiful means. If cinema embodies wisdom, it aligns with Islamic principles.

2. Critiques: When Can Cinema Be Considered Haram?

In Islamic jurisprudence, actions are deemed "halal" or "haram" based on intention, content, evoked emotions, and impact.

Cinema may be considered haram or disliked (makruh) in the following scenarios:

• Promotion of immorality (e.g., indecency, adultery, nudity)

• Normalization of violence and aggression

• Mockery of Islamic values

• Glorification of gambling, alcohol, or other prohibited behaviors

• Celebration of pre-Islamic (Jahiliyyah) values

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:

"Whoever leads people astray with his words, even in jest, is on the brink of Hell." (Baihaqi)

3. When Can Cinema Be Beneficial or Recommended?

If a film aims to educate, enlighten, instill morals, spiritual values, historical insights, or social awareness, it aligns with Islamic teachings.

Positive examples include:

• Films depicting the lives of prophets

• Documentaries highlighting social justice

• Works introducing Islamic history and notable figures

• Movies promoting family values, loyalty, and compassion

4. Historical Interactions Between Cinema and Islam

In early Islamic nations like Egypt, Iran, and Turkey, cinema was initially viewed as a carrier of Western values. Over time, unique religious and cultural approaches emerged.

Iran: Despite strict censorship, films like "A Separation" and "Children of Heaven" emphasize Islamic ethics and human values.

Egypt: Mid-20th-century films explored Islamic themes, but later, commercial pressures overshadowed religious cinema.

Turkey: Series such as "Diriliş: Ertuğrul" and "Yunus Emre" brought Islamic history and spirituality to contemporary screens.

5. Contemporary Muslim Views on Cinema

Today, Muslims generally fall into two main perspectives:

A balanced approach suggests evaluating each film based on its purpose and content.

6. Scholarly Opinions

• Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi: "If cinema doesn't promote sin, it can be a means of education."

• Ayatollah Murtaza Mutahhari: "Films can serve as educational tools if they possess strong moral and social dimensions."

• Ibn Baz (Saudi scholar): "If films address permissible and beneficial topics and adhere to gender interaction guidelines, they are permissible."

7. Cinema as a Means of Dawah: Spreading Islam's Message

Beyond words and sermons, visual media serves as a powerful tool for conveying messages.

The younger generation often thinks in visual terms. To effectively communicate with them, embracing cinematic language is essential.

Short films, YouTube series, and documentaries have become new avenues for religious outreach.

8. Portrayal of Men and Women: Islamic Sensitivities

In Islam, modesty and privacy are paramount.

Cinema should respect these boundaries, portraying men and women as individuals with dignity rather than mere objects.

Muslim viewers are responsible for avoiding scenes that may lead to sinful thoughts or actions.

The Qur'an advises (An-Nur 24:30-31):

"Tell the believing men to lower their gaze... Tell the believing women to lower their gaze..."

9. Recommended Films from the Islamic World

10. Viewer Responsibility: Are We Accountable for What We Watch?

Yes. In Islam, our senses are entrusted to us, and we are accountable for their use.

The Qur'an states (Al-Isra 17:36):

"Indeed, the hearing, the sight, and the heart—about all those [one] will be questioned."

Therefore, Muslims should:

• Set intentions before watching a film.

• Reflect afterward: What did it teach me? How did it affect my soul?

• Avoid content with harmful influences.

Conclusion: Cinema Isn't Haram, But Intention and Content Matter

Islam doesn't categorically prohibit cinema; rather, it emphasizes responsible engagement.

Cinema can elevate or degrade us. The key lies in its purpose and content.

If a film:

• Upholds truth,

• Strengthens morality,

• Encourages repentance and reflection,

• Values humanity and the soul

Then it becomes an art form illuminated by Islamic principles.